Lizioni 8: Verbi ausiliari

Li verbi ausiliari sunnu dui: 

Avìri                     To have
Èssiri                     To be

Sunnu chiamati verbi ausiliari pirchì aiutanu lu verbu principali:

Àiu manciàtu                 I have eaten
Sugnu sudàtu                 I am sweating

N Sicilianu, sti espressioni fatti cu lu passatu prossimu, nun si usanu o si usanu raramenti, mveci si usa lu passatu rimotu nta la maggiuranza di li casi.
Li verbi sunnu organizzati a Coniugazziòni, e li coniugazzioni snnu organizzati a Modi e Tempi.

N Sicilianu nun è nicissariu mettiri lu pronomi pirsunali prima di lu verbu, picchì cu lu significatu di la  propusizzioni si capisci a quali pirsuna si rifirisci e si capisci puru si e` singulari o plurali.
Comu ausiliari chiddu cchiù usatu è lu verbu avìri.

                                  Modu Indicativu di li Verbi Aviri ed Essiri 

Tempi Prisenti

(Iu) Àiu                   I have                sugnu           I am
(tu) Ài                     you have            si'                 you are                 

(iddu, idda) Àvi      he, she, it has      è                  he, she, it is
(nui) Avèmu           we have              semu           we are
(vui) Avìti               you have            siti               you are
(iddi) Ànnu             they have           sunnu          they are

Iu àiu na soru         I have a sister         Iddu e` malatu         He is sick

Imperfettu

avìa                I had                     era                I was
avèvi               you had                eri                 you were
avìa                 he, she, it had       era                he, she. It was
avìamu            we had                 èramu            we were
avìavu             you had                èravu             you were
avìanu             they had               èranu             they were

tu avèvi tanti cucini                          iddi èranu assittati
you had many cousins                     they were siting

Passatu Prossimu

Àiu avutu             I have had            àiu statu             I have been

Vui avìti avùtu dui cani                      Iu àiu statu â casa
You have had two dogs                        I have been at the house

Passatu Rimotu

Appi                     I had                        fui                   I was
Avìsti                    you had                   fusti                 you were
Appi                     he,she,it had             fu                    he, she, it was
Àppimu                we had                     fomu               we were
Avìstivu                you had                   fûstivu             you were
Àppiru                  they had                  foru                they were

Iddu appi li sordi     He had the money     Nui fomu a mari     We were at the sea

Trapassatu Prossimu

Avìa avutu         I had had                 avìa statu             I had been

Iu avìa avûtu na bicicèltta       Iu avìa statu fora
I had had a bicycle                    I had been outside

Modu Congiuntivu
Tempu Prisenti

chi iu   Aiu             I (may) have              chi iu   sia               I (may) be               Ài               you(may) have                       sia               you (may) be
Àvi              he, she, it (may) has               sia               he (may) be
Avèmu         we (may) have                      semu          we (may) be
Avìti            you (may) have                      siti             you (may) be
Annu           they (may) have                    sìanu           they (may) be

N Sicilianu si usa lu prisenti congiuntivu comu lu prisenti indicativu.

Iddu cridi ca iu àiu na gatta                 Iddi pènsanu ca iu sugnu stùpitu
He believes tha I have a cat                 They think that I am (may be) a fool

Imperfettu

Chi iu   Avìssi         I had, might have      chi iu   fussi         I was, might be
Avìssi          you you had, might have       fussi         you were, might be
Avìssi          he,she, it had, might have      fussi         he, she, it was, might be
Avìssimu     we had, might have               fùssimu    we were, might be
Avìssivu      you had, might have              fùssivu     you were, might be
Avìssiru        they hadmight have             fùssiru      they were, might be

Iu pinsàva chi iddu avìssi un frati                     Iddu cridèva ca fùssimu nsèmmula
I thouht that he had a brother                          He believed that we were together

Passatu Rimotu 

Avìssi avùtu     I had had, might have had  Avìssi statu   I had been, might have been

Iddi spiràvanu chi avìssi avùtu na casa       Iu spiràva ca iddu avìssi statu n Sicìlia
They hoped that I might have had a house I hoped that he might have been in Sicilia  

Modu Condiziunali
Prisenti

Avirrìa             I would have          sarrìa (fòra)               I would be
Avirrìssi           you                         sarìssi  (fora)              you
Avirrìssi           he, she, it                sarrìa (fòra)                he, she, it
Avirrìamu         we                         sarrìamu (fòramu)      we
Avirrìavu          you                        sarrìavu (fòravu)         you
Avirrìanu          they                       sarrìanu (fòranu)         they

Iu avirrìa a travàgghiari                    Chisti sarrìanu boni
I should work                                     These should be good

Avirrìa parràtu cu Cìcciu, ma avia già partùtu.
I would have spoken to Frank, but he had already left.
Sarrìa arrivàto doppu ma vinni a cùrriri.
I would have arrived later but a came running.

                                                         Passatu Prossimu

Avirrìa avutu         I would have had         Avirrìa statu         I would have been

A st'ura avirrìa avutu tri cani                Ci saria statu dumani â sô casa
By now I would have had three dogs     Tomorrow I would have been at his house

                                                        Modu Imperativu

Cu stu modu lu Sicilianu usa lu prisenti indicativu: 

Ài a manciàri     You have to eat             Stai bonu           Be good
Avìti a partìri     You have to leave         Stati cueti          Be quiet

L' imperativu negativu di la secunna pirsuna singulari n Sicilian è furmatu di la nigazzione cchiù l'infinitu di lu verbu:

Un avìri prescia   Do not be in a hurry   Un èssiri testa dura Do not be a hard headed

Infinitu

                               Avìri                  To have                    Èssiri                 To be

                Avìri figghi         To have children        Èssiri poviri       To be poor

                                                              Passatu

                Avìri avutu               To have had            Èssri statu                To have been

Avìri avùtu furtùna    To have had luck     Èssiri statu malàtu     To have been sick

Participiu Passatu

                               Avutu                 had                         Statu                         been

   L'aiu avùtu sempri     I have had it always     iddu à statu carzaràtu     he has been in jail

Gerundiu Prisenti

                  Avènnu             having                       Essènnu                      being

Avènnu sordi si campa mègghiu               Essènnu sulu spennu picca
By having money one can live better         By being alone I spend less

                                                          Passatu

                Avènnu avutu     having had                     Essènnu statu         having been

Avènnu avùtu sempri la matri ora mi sentu sulu    Essènnu statu malàtu, sugnu siccu
Having always had a mother, now I felt lonely       Having been sick, I am thin

    Sprissioni Siciliani cu lu verbu aviri (to have)

Aiu pitìttu                             I am hungry
Ài siti                                     You are thirsty
Avìti sonnu                            You are sleepy
Ànnu prèscia                         They are in a hurry
Avèmu deci anni l'unu         We are ten years old each

Iddu àvi pitìttu e iu aiu siti                          He is hungry and I am thirsty
Iddi ànnu sonnu e nui avèmu prèscia         They are sleepy and we are in a hurry
Mê frati avi cinc'ànni e iu nn'àiu novi          My brother is five years old and I am nine